Table of Contents Page xvii
Section I Introduction........................................................................................ 1
Chapter 1 Many Opportunities, Many Disappointments........................................ 3
Chapter 2 Fast Forward to Today. Has IBM improved? ..................................... 27
Chapter 3 IBM Once Thought It Could Say No & Survive.................................. 35
Chapter 4 The IBM Story Continues.................................................................... 43
Chapter 5. IBM Was Destined for Fortune........................................................... 47
Section II The Watson Years............................................................................ 49
Chapter 6. IBM's Thomas Watson Sr.: Continuous Excellence.......................... 51
Chapter 7. Early IBM Product Line of Electromechanical Devices..................... 57
Chapter 8. IBM's Early Efforts with Real Computers.......................................... 81
Chapter 9. Thomas Watson Jr. IBM Presidency and Chair................................. 65
Chapter 10. The Mainframe Era Begins!.............................................................. 71
Chapter 11. Modern Mainframes......................................................................... 83
Chapter 12. IBM Small Business Computers....................................................... 83
Chapter 13. IBM System/3 Starts a New Age..................................................... 95
Chapter 14. IBM System/38—Most Advanced System Ever........................... 101
Chapter 15. AS/400 Comes Invited to the System/38 Party............................. 107
Chapter 16. IBM Merges System i & System p (AS/400 & RS/6000)............... 116
Chapter 17. Thomas Watson Jr. Steps Down as Chair & CEO........................ 125
Section III T. Vincent Learson & Frank T. Cary--IBM past Watsons........ 131
Chapter 18. Starting with Learson...................................................................... 135
Chapter 19. Frank Cary, the Mainframe, Mini, and Micro CEO........................ 137
Chapter 20. DEC Invents the Minicomputer...................................................... 141
Chapter 21. Hewlett-Packard Enters Minicomputer Arena............................... 161
Chapter 22. Data General Formed as a Minicomputer Company..................... 183
Chapter 23. EMC Buys DG; Enters the Minicomputer Marketplace................. 189
Chapter 24. IBM's Non-Minicomputer Minicomputers....................................... 199
Chapter 25. IBM Introduces the Series/1 as a Bona Fide Minicomputer........... 203
Chapter 26. MIT, IBM and the Early Development of Unix............................... 209
Chapter 27. What is Unix and Why Does It Matter?.......................................... 227
Chapter 28. Among Many Unixes, Another Unix—Linux.................................. 235
Chapter 29. The Microcomputer Revolution...................................................... 249
Chapter 30. TI—a Micro Tech Pioneer and Eternal Innovator.......................... 257
Chapter 31. Shockley & Fairchild Semiconductor Pioneers.............................. 263
Chapter 32. Motorola the Chip Maker with Different Roots............................... 267
Chapter 33. The Founding of Intel...................................................................... 277
Chapter 34. Zilog: Great Microcomputer Pioneer.............................................. 291
Chapter 35. MOS Technologies / Commodore................................................. 295
Chapter 36. Radio Shack – The first Personal Computer Company................ 301
Chapter 37. Apple Piqued the Home Computerist in Us All............................... 309
Chapter 38. A Key IBM Software Invention: Relational Database.................... 321
Chapter 39. Oracle Announces First Relational Database product................... 327
Chapter 40. IBM and Data Communications: Why Big Blue Failed?................ 341
Chapter 41. Teleprocessing: Next Step after Cards & Printers......................... 357
Chapter 42. IBM and Local Area Networks....................................................... 383
Chapter 43. Cisco Beats IBM in Networking...................................................... 395
Section IV CEOs John Opel & John Akers Almost Sunk IBM.................. 405
Chapter 44. John Opel—A CEO with Spirit, Opportunity & Failure................... 407
Chapter 45. A Deeper Look at John Akers' Years............................................. 407
Chapter 46. IBM Invented RISC Technology in 1974........................................ 439
Chapter 47. Sun Microsystems Makes It Big With RISC.................................. 441
Chapter 48. IBM RS/6000–A Great RISC/UNIX System.................................. 455
Chapter 49. Power Architecture World's Fastest Supercomputers................... 441
Chapter 50. IBM PC Introduced in Opel Years.................................................. 459
Chapter 50 Appendix. The PC Story IBM at its Worst..................................... 481
Chapter 51. Compaq Beats IBM BIOS & Becomes Top PC Company............ 497
Chapter 52. Gateway Computer Company – 2000........................................... 503
Chapter 53. Dell Computer still on top................................................................ 511
Chapter 54. IBM Says Good-By to the PC Industry.......................................... 515
Chapter 55. Microsoft Becomes Champion of PC / x86 Software................... 521
Section V Application Software: From Watson to Rometty............... 551
Chapter 56. What is Application Software? ........................................................ 553
Chapter 57. Business Application Software, Service Bureaus, & Clouds ......... 563
Chapter 58. IBM Once Was the Application Software Leader ......................... 573
Chapter 59. Impact of Catamore Lawsuit on IBM App Software Strategy........ 579
Chapter 60. IBM's Post S/3 -- Formal Application Software Package............... 583
Chapter 61. IBM Failed in the Application Software Industry ............................ 589
Chapter 62. Shared Medical Systems ............................................................. 597
Chapter 63. A Quick Look at IBM's MAPICS Application and SAP ................. 603
Chapter 64. SAP, The Best In ERP Software .................................................. 607
Chapter 65. Small Companies -- Application Software Millionaires ................ 613
Chapter 66. Large Software Companies—Many Rich Entrepreneurs ............ 625
Section VI Gerstner, Palmisano, & Rommety,IBM's Latest CEOs ............ 639
Chapter 67 Lou Gerstner: The First IBM CEO Not Bred in IBM's culture.......... 641
Chapter 68 The END: IBM's Sam Palmisano and Ginni Rometty..................... 667
Advertising Lets Go Publish Publishers Other Books........................................ 675